Programming a TYT-9000D VHF Radio... by Hand

At FCEM we've been using TYT-9000D's for general-purpose 2m radios.  They're easy to work with, and at around $130, the price is right.  Also, up until now, they've all been really easy to program using chirp and the proper USB cable.  The data port's right there on the front, and there're no complicated "get this thing into programming mode" steps to follow.  It's more of "just plug it and do it."

Until lately.  The last couple of radios we've gotten in would. not. talk. to. the. computer. grrr. for anything.  Tried some of our other, older 90000D's, no problem.  Tried different computers; nope.  Got the latest copy of chirp, still no dice.  I just had a handful of repeaters and simplex channels to program in anyway, so how hard could it be?

As it turns out, it's not a lot of fun but not completely awful either.  Here's a useful video.  The guy over-explains a lot of stuff for somebody who just wants to get the job done, which stretches it out to 15 minutes.  However, all that over-explaining is way better than under-explaining, and some people might need it.  Anyway, if you just want to get down to business, here are the steps:

1. Set the bandwidth/frequency deviation as described near the bottom of this post first!  Fortunately, you'll only need to do this once, and can program in all the other channels without repeating this step.
2. Punch in the repeater's output frequency using the hand mic keypad.
3. Press P5 and use the big knob to set the PL tone.
• To cycle through T, TS, DCS & OFF options, use P5 repeatedly.
• Press P3 to return to VFO mode.
4. Press & hold P4 to get to the offset menu.
• Big knob changes offset (you'll want 0.6000 on any 2m repeaters)
• Press & hold P4 to cycle through +, –, and OFF.
• Press P3 to return to VFO mode.
5. To save into memory:
• Quick press F
• Use big knob to dial to the memory channel you want.
• Quick press P3 to save to that channel.

Done!  There now, that wasn't so easy, was it?  Oh, also, I have no flippin' idea of how to program in alphanumeric names by hand.  I think that it's theoretically possible, but you'd have to get Rainman to read the manual and show you how.  If it's just a half-dozen channels, make yourself a 3x5 card if you need to.

Also, here are a couple of handy items when in operating mode:

• P3 toggles between VFO and Memory modes.
• F P5 locks & unlocks the radio's controls (good when working in the brush).

While we're at it, here are three other useful setup items that took me a good long while to dig out of the manual.  I'll put them here, partly as a note to future self, and also as a help to other poor souls.

First, the digital noise reduction filter is way overkill, like dialed up to eleventy and sounding all underwaterey, and it's not needed for FM anyway.  Turn it off by:

1. Press the F key for about 3 seconds.
2. Use the P1 & P2 keys as up/down to get to Menu 31.
3. Turn the big knob to get it from "RENC-ON" to "RENC-OFF".
4. Press P4 to confirm setting & get back to operating mode.

Second, if you have managed to get your radio to work with chirp, you'll want it to display the alphanumeric name you put in, e.g., "CBELLE" rather than "145.230" for the case of the Carrabelle repeater.  Toggle that over by:

1. Press the F key for about 3 seconds.
2. Use the P1 & P2 keys as up/down to get to Menu 26.  (not 27 per the manual; it lies)
3. Turn the big knob to get it from "DSP-FR" to "DSP-CH" to "DSP-NM" – frequency, channel number, or alphanumeric name, whichever you want.  Probably the alpha name.
4. Press P5 to confirm setting & get back to operating mode.

Third, all the 9000D transceivers I've seen have three FM deviation settings.  For 2m ham, you want the widest setting.  (Yes, I know the manual only says two settings.  The manual lies.)  You can set these using chirp (if it works on your radio), or do it by hand.  Important: if you're programming channels by hand, do this first!  Here we go:

1. Press the F key for about 3 seconds.
2. Use the P1 & P2 keys as up/down to get to Menu 08.
3. Turn the big knob to get it to "BAND-25" (i.e., 25 kHz deviation).
4. Press P5 to confirm setting & get back to operating mode.

There.  The TYT-900D is a weird, cantankerous beast to set up, but the price is right and they work pretty well once programmed.  Good luck.  And if you leave the digital noise reduction on, tell Aquaman I said hello.

A Beautiful Mess of a Plane

It was designed for but arrived a year too late to make it into WWII, so it was re-forged into the bridge between the Prop Era B-29s and the Jet Age B-52s.  Somewhat forgotten today, the B-36 Peacemaker was in service for less than fifteen years before it was phased out.  Seventy six years ago yesterday, one fell out of the sky over Canada; you can read about the incident here at This Day in Aviation.

Anyway, it's a beautiful plane in its own ungainly way.  Glad we never had to use them for their main purpose.

Beast of a plane, but I'd love to have gone up in one.  Once.

With the retractable gun turrets, it has a certain sci-fi vibe.

This Explains So Much

Over at SMBC.

It also goes a long way towards explaining why we now have string theory and techno-pop.

Kessler... Maybe?

A couple of years ago I posted a little piece on the Kessler Syndrome here (includes a brief discussion one the topic at hand, if you need a reminder), and the bottom line was "yeah, don't worry about it – yet."

Now Kessler and a co-author have recently revisited the topic, and their results are not so sunny.  You can read the abstract and download the paper here, or listen to Sabine Hossenfelder's take on the matter here.  It's going to be interesting to see this one batted around over the next few years.  With such wildly divergent results, there's going to be a good academic catfight.

My advice: Enjoy your Starlink while you can, but brush up on your HF skills too.  And if it comes to it, enjoy the light show.

Protip: Never exceed any limit labeled "Runaway Threshold."  Don't, just don't.

New GP-15 Antenna and The Undead GP-1

During some testing a couple of weeks ago, it became clear that something was up with my trusty old Comet GP-1 VHF/UHF antenna.  The SWR was way off, a little above 3:1 in the 2m and 70cm bands, which is to say that, rather than radiating RF energy, a lot of it was being bounced back into my transceiver and getting turned into heat.[1]

Now, I'd had my eyes on an antenna that would add the 6m band as well[2], and the Comet GP-15 checked all those boxes, as well as adding about 3 dB more gain on 2m and 70cm.  The only real downsides are at 8 feet length it's twice as long as that discrete little GP-1, and it has a somewhat lower wind speed rating, 112 vs. 135 mph.  That lower wind speed rating turns matters from "set it and forget it" to "another item on the hurricane checklist to bring inside."

The GP-15 is kind of an odd antenna.  It relies on one extra-long, tunable radial (see inset pic) to adjust its resonant frequency.  The instructions have a helpful chart showing radial length setting vs. resonant frequency.  I'm really only interested in the 50 to 51 MHz part of the band, where the SSB voice, various beacons, and allegedly some digital traffic hangs out.  (see chart linked below)  The rest of the band, 51 thru 54 MHz, is primarily set aside for repeaters and local FM use.  Not so interesting where there are no local repeaters or users.  Also, the instruction sheet flatly indicates that it has a useable bandwidth of 1 MHz, so choose which quarter of the band allocation you want wisely.  Accordingly, I set things up while still on the ground for my region of interest, mounted it on the roof[3] and.... it was resonant smack in the middle of the band, useable across the entire 4 MHz of the band.[4]  So I tweaked it a little lower to optimize for my interests and called it a day.

Still haven't gotten any 6m band openings[5], but in the wake of the cold front currently blowing through, some tropoducting is in the cards for early next week.  Contacts on 2m & 70cm however report that my signal is much stronger, so there is that. 

Finally, with the new antenna installed, it was time to dig into what went wrong with the 5 year old GP-1 and that 15 year old length of LMR-400 coax.  On the bench both tested out as working perfectly, so your guess is as good as mine.  Maybe I'll have something to sell on the Monday night net, though I'll test them all again before trying to offload them.

Anyway, here's a link to a good set of pdf charts showing what's where on the commonly used VHF & UHF ham bands.  Get your GP-15 (or GP-1, or any number of other interesting and useful items) here.

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[1] No wonder the fan was running so much!  I could barely get through a Monday evening net session without it topping 140 degrees.

[2] Why?  Because it's there, that's why!  Stop asking foolish questions.

[3] A process akin to conducting an EVA on the ISS.

[4] Yes, of course I hauled an SWR meter and LiFePO4 battery up on the roof with me, along with many other potentially useful items – wrenches, vice-grips, multi-tool, drill & driver bits, etc.  And of course an FRS radio to stay in contact with my safety man on the ground.

[5] and hence no contacts, though there is one guy over in Carrabelle who can do 6m I ought to call.

Conspiracy of the Week: Gravel bikes were invented to convert roadies into mountain bikers

Presented in a short, amusing editorial over at Singletracks online mag.

I haven't noticed, personally, any pelotons of roadies streaming up and down my local gravel trails, but you never know what February will bring.

On the State of Particle Physics

Quanta online asks Is Particle Physics Dead, Dying, or Just Hard?

It's a real quandary, and the author explores all corners of the problem in an even-handed manner.  TLDR: On one hand, (a) the Higgs boson has been found and all the slots in the Standard Model's chart have been nicely filled, (b) the super-symmetric particles that were sort-of predicted at LHC energies simply weren't found, and (c) there are no firm theoretical predictions that we'll actually find anything else of interest at higher energies.  On the second hand, damn the torpedos, build the next generation accelerator and go look at what's out there at higher energies, because you can't know until you look.  On the third hand (see, I've just finished re-reading Project Hail Mary and one of the main characters has five hands; I could keep this up for a little while longer), that $22 billion has to come from somewhere, and we all know without even guessing that that money's going to come out of the rest of science.  Do we shut down other more promising programs just to go have a look "because you never know"?

Feel free to comment, but only after you've read the above-linked article, and then read Lost in Math for a chaser.

Finally this popped up yesterday as well (coincidence?  probably not):

Nasty, but also funny and on the nose.